According to Gibson, how is perception linked with action?

The connection between perception and action, as articulated by James J. Gibson, is fundamentally rooted in the idea that perception is not merely a passive reception of sensory information but is intrinsically linked to how organisms interact with their environment. The correct choice highlights that perception serves a critical role in enabling action, meaning that our perceptual experiences directly inform and guide our movements and behaviors in the world around us.

Gibson’s theory of ecological psychology posits that perception is oriented toward the affordances of the environment—those opportunities for action that objects and surfaces provide. This perspective emphasizes that perceiving something involves understanding its potential uses and how one can effectively navigate and manipulate the environment. For instance, when an individual sees a chair, they do not just recognize its physical presence; they also perceive its function as something to sit on, which directly influences their behavior.

In contrast to this idea, the other options suggest concepts that do not align with Gibson's perspective. The notion that perception develops only in social contexts undermines the view that perception of the environment can occur in solitary interactions. Proposing that a complex series of cognitive processes is required implies a more deliberative cognitive approach, which Gibson rejected in favor of direct perception through interaction with the environment. Lastly, stating