What did the Gestaltists propose about perception processes based on illusory motion?

The Gestaltists proposed that perception is a complex process that involves more than just direct observation of stimuli; it inherently includes construction and inference. This idea is grounded in their focus on how our cognitive processes interpret sensory information to create a coherent and organized view of our surroundings.

The concept of illusory motion, such as the perception of movement in static images (for example, the apparent motion found in motion pictures or certain optical illusions), illustrates that our perception can be influenced by contextual factors and patterns that are not directly observable. Gestalt psychology emphasizes principles like figure-ground relationships and the law of proximity, which suggest that our brains automatically organize sensory inputs into meaningful wholes rather than passively receiving them.

In contrast to this idea, other options suggest limited or simplistic views of perception. For instance, claiming that perception is solely dependent on direct observation neglects the active role of the mind in interpreting sensory data. Similarly, stating that perception lacks any influence from movements overlooks the dynamic interplay between our perceptions and the surrounding environment, while suggesting that perception is a passive response to stimuli fails to account for the active, constructive nature of perceptual processes highlighted by Gestalt theory.