What is meant by "indirect inner observation" in Brentano's approach?

"Indirect inner observation" in Brentano's approach refers to the concept of internally perceiving mental acts that have already occurred. Brentano, a significant figure in the history of psychology, distinguished between direct inner observation, which involves observing one's current mental states, and indirect inner observation, which involves reflection upon past mental experiences.

In this context, this means that individuals can thoughtfully analyze and reflect on their prior thoughts, feelings, or decisions, even if they are not actively experiencing them in the present moment. This reflective process allows for a deeper understanding of mental processes and the nature of consciousness. Brentano emphasized this as a way to study psychology because he believed that mental acts could be understood through retrospective reflection rather than immediate experience alone. This focus on the historical nature of mental acts underscores the methodological considerations in psychological study during his time.