What is true regarding Kant's dualism in the context of knowledge?

Kant's dualism regarding knowledge emphasizes that while we experience the world through our senses, our understanding of that world is mediated by our cognitive faculties. This means that our perceptions are shaped by the inherent structures of our mind, such as time, space, and categories of understanding. Therefore, we do not have direct access to the external world as it truly is. Instead, we can only perceive and know reality as it is filtered through our subjective experience.

Kant argued that there is a distinction between the "noumenal" world, which represents things as they exist independently of our perception, and the "phenomenal" world, which is the reality we experience. This insight is crucial because it acknowledges that our knowledge is limited to the way our minds interpret sensory input rather than an objective understanding of the external world itself. This reasoning aligns perfectly with the notion that we perceive reality indirectly, as it conveys the idea that our cognitive processes play an essential role in how we interpret and make sense of sensory information.

Other options do not align with Kant’s philosophy. For instance, suggesting that we can know the outside world directly contradicts his view that knowledge is always mediated by our perceptions. Rejecting the existence of the external world is also not