Which concept best reflects the ideas of Helmholtz regarding perception?

Helmholtz's contributions to the understanding of perception emphasize the role of learned experiences and interpretative processes in how we perceive the world. He argued that perception is not merely a straightforward reflection of sensory input, but rather a complex interaction where prior knowledge, experiences, and context influence what we perceive. This aligns closely with the idea that perception is shaped and interpreted through learned knowledge.

Helmholtz introduced concepts like unconscious inference, suggesting that our brains automatically make educated guesses based on past experiences to interpret sensory data. Thus, perception becomes a construct that relies on cognitive processes, rather than simply being a direct or automatic response to stimuli. This understanding distinguishes Helmholtz's perspective from the more simplistic views of perception as an immediate grasp of reality or an automatic reflex, showcasing his belief in the active role of cognitive processes in perception.